WASTE TYRE MANAGEMENT STORAGE OPTIONS
Relevant References ObtainedAtech Group (2001)A National Approach to Waste Tyres. A report prepared for Environment Australia.
Azizian MF, Nelson PO, Thayumanavan P, Williamson KJ. (2001) Environmental Impact of Crumb Rubber Asphalt Concrete Leachate Contaminants from Highway Construction and Repair Materials on Surface and Ground Waters. Preprints of Extended Abstracts presented at the ACS National Meeting, American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry, 41(1): 409-413.
Basel Convention Working Group (1999) Basel Convention Technical Guidelines on the Identification and Management of Used Tyres. Basel Convention on the control of transboundary movements on hazardous wastes and their disposal. Document No. 10.
Basheer M, Vipulanandan C, O'Neill MW. (1996) Fly Ash and Tire Chips for Highway Embankments. Materials for the New Millennium, Proceedings of the Materials Engineering Conference, 4th, Washington DC, Volume 1, 593-602.
Berryman M. (2002) Recommendations for the Storage of Used Vehicle Tyres. Hamilton Fire District Recommendations.
Best GA, Brookes BI. (1981) Water Pollution Resulting From a Fire at a Tire Dump. Environmental Pollution Series B 2(1), 59-67.
Birkholz DA, Belton KL, Guidoltti TL. (2003) Toxicological Evaluation for the Hazard Assessment of Tire Crumb for Use in Public Playgrounds. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association. 53: 903-907.
Centre for Advanced Engineering. (2000) Landfill Guidelines.
California Integrated Waste Management Board. (1996) Effects of Waste Tires, Waste Tire Facilities, and Waste Tire Projects on the Environment.
California Integrated Waste Management Board. (October 2003) Waste Tire Monofill Proposed Regulatory Requirements.
City of Houston Fire Prevention Bureau. (2003) Life Safety Bureau Standard 17: Tire Chipping and Shredding Operations.
Clean Washington Center Technology Transfer. (1995) Shredded Scrap Tires As Lightweight Fill In Road Embankments. Report #T-95-4.
Clear Washington Council. (April 1998) Best Practices in Scrap Tires and Rubber Recycling: Material Storage.
Clear Washington Council. (November 1998) Best Practices in Scrap Tires and Rubber Recycling: Flammability.
Collins KJ, Jensen AC, Albert S. (1995) A Review of Waste Tire Utilization in the Marine Environment. Chemical Ecology 10(3-4): 205-16.
Day KE, Holtze KE, Metcalfe-Smith JL, Bishop CT, Dutka BJ. (1993) Toxicity of Leachate from Automobile Tires to Aquatic Biota. Chemosphere 27(4): 665-75.
Department of Environmental Quality. Waste Tire Carrier/Storage Permits. Oregon.
Ecoflex. The Environmental Impact of Ecoflex Paving Systems. Australia.
EH Pechan & Associates Inc. (October 1997) Air Emissions from Scrap Tire Combustion. A report prepared for United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Environmental Agency. (2001) Waste Minimisation Guide. UK.
Environmental Agency. Cement Kiln Protocol - Authorisation Procedure for Use of Tyres as Supplementary Fuel. UK.
Environmental Agency. Tyres in the Environment: A Diagnostic Report on the Environmental Impact of Tyres. UK.
Environmental Agency. Waste Management: The Duty of Care, A Code of Practice. UK.
GeoSyntec Consultants Inc. (1997) Guidance Manual, Shredded Tires as Alternative Daily Cover at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. A report prepared for California Integrated Waste Management Board.
GeoSyntec Consultants Inc. (1998) Guidance Manual, Tire Shreds as Leachate Drainage Material at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. A report prepared for California Integrated Waste Management Board.
GeoSyntec Consultants Inc. (1998) Guidance Manual, Tire Shreds as Final Cover Foundation Layer Material at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. A report prepared for California Integrated Waste Management Board.
GeoSyntec Consultants Inc. (1998) Guidance Manual, Tire Shreds as Gas Collection Material at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. A report prepared for California Integrated Waste Management Board.
GeoSyntec Consultants Inc. (1998) Guidance Manual, Tire Shreds as Operations Layer Material at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. A report prepared for California Integrated Waste Management Board.
Grant Thornton. (2001) Assessment of the Benefits Associated with the Financial Incentives for Recycling Scrap Tires Program. A report prepared for the Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection.
Gunter M. The Environmental Suitability of Shredded Scrap Tire Chips in a Saturated Environment. University of Wisconsin as cited in The Environmental Impact of EcoFlex Paving Systems, EcoFlex, Australia.
Horner JM. (1996) Environmental Health Implications of Heavy Metal Pollution from Car Tires. Reviews on Environmental Health 11(4): 175-178.
Humphrey DN, Lynn EK. (2000)Five Year Study of the Water Quality Effects of Tire Shreds Placed Above the Water Table. Preprint No. 00-0892, Transportation Research Board, Washington DC.
Humphrey DN, Lynn EK, Blumenthal M. (1997) Water Quality Effects of Tire Chip Fills Placed Above the Groundwater Table. ASTM Special Technical Publication (STP) 1275 (Testing Soil Mixed with Waste or Recycled Materials), 299-313.
Humphrey DN, Lynn EK. (2001)Field Study of Water Quality Effects of Tire Shreds Placed Below The Water Table. Proceedings of the Conference on Beneficial Use of Recycled Materials in Transportation Applications, Air and Waste Management Association.
International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC), Scrap Tyre Management Council (STMC) and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). (2000) The Prevention and Management of Scrap Tire Fires.
Kim N. (July 2003) Potential Contamination for Tires (Tyres). Environment Waikato Internal Memo.
Maine Department of Environmental Protection and Maine Department of Economic and Community Development. (January 2000) Long term Funding Alternatives for the Scrap Tire Abatement Program. A status /progress report concerning the scrap tyre abatement program.
MWH New Zealand Ltd. (June 2003) Development of a Regional Waste Recovery/Processing Sector. A report prepared for the Wellington City Council, Ministry for the Environment and Ministry of Economic Development.
Ministry for the Environment. (2001) A Guide to the Management of Closing and Closed Landfills in New Zealand.
Ministry for the Environment. (2001) A Guide to Landfill Consent Conditions.
National Fire Protection Association. (2003) Standard No 230: Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage.
Nelson SM, Mueller G, Hemphill DC. (1994) Identification of Tire Leachate Toxicants and a Risk Assessment of Water Quality Effects Using Tire Reefs in Canals. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 52(4): 574-81.
O'Shaughnessy VO, Garga VK. (2000) Tire-Reinforced Earthfill. Part 3: Environmental Assessment. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37: 117-131.
Ohio Administrative Code. Rule 3745-27-60: General Storage and Handling of Scrap Tires.
Ohio Administrative Code. Rule 3745-27-73: Final Closure of a ScrapTire Monofill Facility.
Ohio Administrative Code. Rule 3745-27-74: Post-Closure Care of Scrap Tire Monofill Facilities.
Personal communication1, Linda Wright, Queenstown Lakes District Council, February 2004.
Personal communication2, Michael Playdon, Columbus McKinnon, February 2004.
Personal communication3, Timothy Scott, Matta Products Ltd, February 2004.
Recycling Research Institute. (2003) Scrap Tire and Rubber Users Directory 2003.
Riaz AK, Ahmed S. (2001) Recycling of Shredded Rubber Tires as Road Base in Manitoba: A Case Study. 2001 An Earth Odyssey. University of Manitoba, Canada.
Sengupta S, Miller HJ. (1999) Preliminary Investigation of Tire Shreds for Use in Residential Subsurface Leaching Field Systems. Published by the Chelsea Centre for Recycling and Economic Development at the University of Massachusetts, USA.
South Australian Environmental Protection Agency. (July 2003) EPA Guidelines: Waste Tyres.
Texas Department of Transportation. Tire Chips in Road and Bridge Construction: Civil Engineering Applications of Chipped Tiresas cited in The Environmental Impact of EcoFlex Paving Systems EcoFlex, Australia.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (1995) Decision-Makers' Guide to Solid Waste Management, Volume II.
Relevant References Not ObtainedDeMarini DM, Lemieux PM. (1992) Mutagenicity of Emissions from the Simulated Open Burning of Scrap Rubber Tires. EPA reference #600/R-92-127.
Home Office and Scottish Office. (1995) Fire Safety for Tire Sites.
Lemieux PM, Ryan JV. (1993)Characterization of Air Pollutants Emitted from a Simulated Scrap Tire Fire. AWMA 43: 1106-1115.
Poole SL. (1998) Scrap and Shredded Tire Fires: A Special Report. United States Fire Administration.
Ryan JV. (1989) Characterisation of Emissions from the Simulated Open Burning of Scrap Tires. EPA reference #600/2-89-054.
Useful WebsitesCalifornia Integrated Waste Management Board - www.ciwmb.ca.gov
Rubber Manufactures Association - www.rma.org
UK Environment Council - www.the-environment-council.org.uk
UK Environmental Agency - www.environment-agency.govt.uk
US Department of Environmental Quality - www.deq.state.or.us
US Environmental Protection Agency - www.epa.gov.com
Relevant References ObtainedAtech Group (2001)A National Approach to Waste Tyres. A report prepared for Environment Australia.
Azizian MF, Nelson PO, Thayumanavan P, Williamson KJ. (2001) Environmental Impact of Crumb Rubber Asphalt Concrete Leachate Contaminants from Highway Construction and Repair Materials on Surface and Ground Waters. Preprints of Extended Abstracts presented at the ACS National Meeting, American Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry, 41(1): 409-413.
Basel Convention Working Group (1999) Basel Convention Technical Guidelines on the Identification and Management of Used Tyres. Basel Convention on the control of transboundary movements on hazardous wastes and their disposal. Document No. 10.
Basheer M, Vipulanandan C, O'Neill MW. (1996) Fly Ash and Tire Chips for Highway Embankments. Materials for the New Millennium, Proceedings of the Materials Engineering Conference, 4th, Washington DC, Volume 1, 593-602.
Berryman M. (2002) Recommendations for the Storage of Used Vehicle Tyres. Hamilton Fire District Recommendations.
Best GA, Brookes BI. (1981) Water Pollution Resulting From a Fire at a Tire Dump. Environmental Pollution Series B 2(1), 59-67.
Birkholz DA, Belton KL, Guidoltti TL. (2003) Toxicological Evaluation for the Hazard Assessment of Tire Crumb for Use in Public Playgrounds. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association. 53: 903-907.
Centre for Advanced Engineering. (2000) Landfill Guidelines.
California Integrated Waste Management Board. (1996) Effects of Waste Tires, Waste Tire Facilities, and Waste Tire Projects on the Environment.
California Integrated Waste Management Board. (October 2003) Waste Tire Monofill Proposed Regulatory Requirements.
City of Houston Fire Prevention Bureau. (2003) Life Safety Bureau Standard 17: Tire Chipping and Shredding Operations.
Clean Washington Center Technology Transfer. (1995) Shredded Scrap Tires As Lightweight Fill In Road Embankments. Report #T-95-4.
Clear Washington Council. (April 1998) Best Practices in Scrap Tires and Rubber Recycling: Material Storage.
Clear Washington Council. (November 1998) Best Practices in Scrap Tires and Rubber Recycling: Flammability.
Collins KJ, Jensen AC, Albert S. (1995) A Review of Waste Tire Utilization in the Marine Environment. Chemical Ecology 10(3-4): 205-16.
Day KE, Holtze KE, Metcalfe-Smith JL, Bishop CT, Dutka BJ. (1993) Toxicity of Leachate from Automobile Tires to Aquatic Biota. Chemosphere 27(4): 665-75.
Department of Environmental Quality. Waste Tire Carrier/Storage Permits. Oregon.
Ecoflex. The Environmental Impact of Ecoflex Paving Systems. Australia.
EH Pechan & Associates Inc. (October 1997) Air Emissions from Scrap Tire Combustion. A report prepared for United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Environmental Agency. (2001) Waste Minimisation Guide. UK.
Environmental Agency. Cement Kiln Protocol - Authorisation Procedure for Use of Tyres as Supplementary Fuel. UK.
Environmental Agency. Tyres in the Environment: A Diagnostic Report on the Environmental Impact of Tyres. UK.
Environmental Agency. Waste Management: The Duty of Care, A Code of Practice. UK.
GeoSyntec Consultants Inc. (1997) Guidance Manual, Shredded Tires as Alternative Daily Cover at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. A report prepared for California Integrated Waste Management Board.
GeoSyntec Consultants Inc. (1998) Guidance Manual, Tire Shreds as Leachate Drainage Material at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. A report prepared for California Integrated Waste Management Board.
GeoSyntec Consultants Inc. (1998) Guidance Manual, Tire Shreds as Final Cover Foundation Layer Material at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. A report prepared for California Integrated Waste Management Board.
GeoSyntec Consultants Inc. (1998) Guidance Manual, Tire Shreds as Gas Collection Material at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. A report prepared for California Integrated Waste Management Board.
GeoSyntec Consultants Inc. (1998) Guidance Manual, Tire Shreds as Operations Layer Material at Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. A report prepared for California Integrated Waste Management Board.
Grant Thornton. (2001) Assessment of the Benefits Associated with the Financial Incentives for Recycling Scrap Tires Program. A report prepared for the Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection.
Gunter M. The Environmental Suitability of Shredded Scrap Tire Chips in a Saturated Environment. University of Wisconsin as cited in The Environmental Impact of EcoFlex Paving Systems, EcoFlex, Australia.
Horner JM. (1996) Environmental Health Implications of Heavy Metal Pollution from Car Tires. Reviews on Environmental Health 11(4): 175-178.
Humphrey DN, Lynn EK. (2000)Five Year Study of the Water Quality Effects of Tire Shreds Placed Above the Water Table. Preprint No. 00-0892, Transportation Research Board, Washington DC.
Humphrey DN, Lynn EK, Blumenthal M. (1997) Water Quality Effects of Tire Chip Fills Placed Above the Groundwater Table. ASTM Special Technical Publication (STP) 1275 (Testing Soil Mixed with Waste or Recycled Materials), 299-313.
Humphrey DN, Lynn EK. (2001)Field Study of Water Quality Effects of Tire Shreds Placed Below The Water Table. Proceedings of the Conference on Beneficial Use of Recycled Materials in Transportation Applications, Air and Waste Management Association.
International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC), Scrap Tyre Management Council (STMC) and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). (2000) The Prevention and Management of Scrap Tire Fires.
Kim N. (July 2003) Potential Contamination for Tires (Tyres). Environment Waikato Internal Memo.
Maine Department of Environmental Protection and Maine Department of Economic and Community Development. (January 2000) Long term Funding Alternatives for the Scrap Tire Abatement Program. A status /progress report concerning the scrap tyre abatement program.
MWH New Zealand Ltd. (June 2003) Development of a Regional Waste Recovery/Processing Sector. A report prepared for the Wellington City Council, Ministry for the Environment and Ministry of Economic Development.
Ministry for the Environment. (2001) A Guide to the Management of Closing and Closed Landfills in New Zealand.
Ministry for the Environment. (2001) A Guide to Landfill Consent Conditions.
National Fire Protection Association. (2003) Standard No 230: Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage.
Nelson SM, Mueller G, Hemphill DC. (1994) Identification of Tire Leachate Toxicants and a Risk Assessment of Water Quality Effects Using Tire Reefs in Canals. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 52(4): 574-81.
O'Shaughnessy VO, Garga VK. (2000) Tire-Reinforced Earthfill. Part 3: Environmental Assessment. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37: 117-131.
Ohio Administrative Code. Rule 3745-27-60: General Storage and Handling of Scrap Tires.
Ohio Administrative Code. Rule 3745-27-73: Final Closure of a ScrapTire Monofill Facility.
Ohio Administrative Code. Rule 3745-27-74: Post-Closure Care of Scrap Tire Monofill Facilities.
Personal communication1, Linda Wright, Queenstown Lakes District Council, February 2004.
Personal communication2, Michael Playdon, Columbus McKinnon, February 2004.
Personal communication3, Timothy Scott, Matta Products Ltd, February 2004.
Recycling Research Institute. (2003) Scrap Tire and Rubber Users Directory 2003.
Riaz AK, Ahmed S. (2001) Recycling of Shredded Rubber Tires as Road Base in Manitoba: A Case Study. 2001 An Earth Odyssey. University of Manitoba, Canada.
Sengupta S, Miller HJ. (1999) Preliminary Investigation of Tire Shreds for Use in Residential Subsurface Leaching Field Systems. Published by the Chelsea Centre for Recycling and Economic Development at the University of Massachusetts, USA.
South Australian Environmental Protection Agency. (July 2003) EPA Guidelines: Waste Tyres.
Texas Department of Transportation. Tire Chips in Road and Bridge Construction: Civil Engineering Applications of Chipped Tiresas cited in The Environmental Impact of EcoFlex Paving Systems EcoFlex, Australia.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (1995) Decision-Makers' Guide to Solid Waste Management, Volume II.
Relevant References Not ObtainedDeMarini DM, Lemieux PM. (1992) Mutagenicity of Emissions from the Simulated Open Burning of Scrap Rubber Tires. EPA reference #600/R-92-127.
Home Office and Scottish Office. (1995) Fire Safety for Tire Sites.
Lemieux PM, Ryan JV. (1993)Characterization of Air Pollutants Emitted from a Simulated Scrap Tire Fire. AWMA 43: 1106-1115.
Poole SL. (1998) Scrap and Shredded Tire Fires: A Special Report. United States Fire Administration.
Ryan JV. (1989) Characterisation of Emissions from the Simulated Open Burning of Scrap Tires. EPA reference #600/2-89-054.
Useful WebsitesCalifornia Integrated Waste Management Board - www.ciwmb.ca.gov
Rubber Manufactures Association - www.rma.org
UK Environment Council - www.the-environment-council.org.uk
UK Environmental Agency - www.environment-agency.govt.uk
US Department of Environmental Quality - www.deq.state.or.us
US Environmental Protection Agency - www.epa.gov.com